Introduction: Studies of Visual attention in people with autism spectrum disorder often lead to contradictory results. These contradictory results are due to the use of assumptions, consideration of limited properties, and limitation of the type of stimuli. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the Visual attention patterns of people with autism through a comprehensive study using eye-tracking data analysis, as well as image processing tools and models. Methods: In this study, the eye-tracking data of 28 subjects with a mean age of eight years (range 5-12 years) were initially processed. Three hundred images of this study were then analyzed, Visually segmented, labeled, and categorized based on low-level features (color, intensity, and directions), higher-level features (such as object size), and communication and social features by using models such as Itti Koch Model and image processing tools such as LabelMe. Visual attention patterns among people with autism were assessed using statistical tests. Results: The obtained results revealed that people with autism pay less attention to parts of the images that include semantic and communicative features. On the contrary, they spend more time on the parts that contain tools and equipment. Besides, they are slower to pay attention to parts of the image that contain social features and instead spend more time paying attention to the background parts of the image that include repetitive patterns. In addition, they spend more time in each fixation in parts that lack semantic or social features. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the main signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorder could be observed in the Visual attention patterns of people with autism, and these patterns may also be used to design an autism screening tool based on eye-tracking technology.

Background: Line bisection test is used for detecting inattention. In this test normal people usually show a rightward bias which indicates right hemisphere dominancy for visuo-spatial attention processing. The performance of people with attention deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in these kinds of visuo-spatial tests is different from normal people. The difference could be as a result of right hemisphere deficit in cases with ADHD. The aim of this study is comparing visuo-spatial attention in children with ADHD-combined subtype and normal children.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the performance of 15 children with ADHD-combined subtype was compared with the performance of 15 children while matched for age, sex and IQ. The direction of each group bias was determined in line bisection test.Results: In ADHD-combined subtype group, bisected lines showed significant right side bias (p=0.005). Normal group also showed a rightward bias but it was not significant (p=0.08). In addition there was no significant difference between the two groups performance in this test.Conclusion: Both normal and ADHD-combined subtype groups showed a rightward bias in line bisection test and there was no difference between the two groups performance. More future studies are needed.

Objective inadequate processing of sensory information especially vestibular leads to typical behaviors in attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) children which manifested as inattentive behaviors. in this research we aimed to study the effects of vestibular stimulation on Visual attention in 7-12 year old ADHD children, with using iva-plus-cpt (integrated Visual and auditory continuous performance test).Materials & Methods: thirty children diagnosed as ADHD (7-12 year old), which were right handed and have had normal iq based on wechsler test participated in this research following their consent and divided randomly in the intervention and control groups. all participants were assessed using iva-plus-cpt, then the intervention group participated in normal occupational therapy activities plus vestibular stimulation while the control group were recruited only in normal occupational therapy activities. intervention continued for 10 sessions, twice a week for 5 weeks. at the end, all participants were evaluated again using iva-plus-cpt. the collected date was analyzed using spss software version 16 and differences in pre and post test were comprised between the two groups using independent t-test.Results: vestibular stimulation leaded to significantly differences in, Visual attention, impulse (p<0.05) but Visual impulse control did not show significant differences amongst the two groups.Conclusion: vestibular stimulation can affect meaningfully Visual attention in ADHD children. so it can be used as a therapeutic technique in treating these children.

Background and Objectives: Visual attention is a high-order cognitive process of the human brain that defines where a human observer attends. Dynamic computational Visual attention models are modeled on the behavior of the human brain. They can predict what areas a human will pay attention to when viewing a scene such as a video. However, several types of computational models have been proposed to provide a better understanding of saliency maps in static and dynamic environments; most of these models are used for specific scenes. In this paper, we propose a model that can generate saliency maps in various dynamic environments with complex scenes. Methods: We used a deep learner as a mediating network to combine basic saliency maps with appropriate weighting. Each of these basic saliency maps covers an essential feature of human Visual attention, and ultimately the final saliency map is very similar to human Visual behavior. Results: The proposed model is run on two datasets, and the generated saliency maps are evaluated by different criteria such as ROC, CC, NSS, SIM, and KLdiv. The results show that the proposed model has a good performance compared to other similar models. Conclusion: The proposed model consists of three main parts, including basic saliency maps, gating network, and combinator. This model was implemented on the ETMD dataset, and the resulting saliency maps (Visual attention areas) were compared with some other models in this field by evaluation criteria, and their results were evaluated. The results obtained from the proposed model are acceptable, and based on the accepted evaluation criteria in this area; it performs better than similar models.

Objectives: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of stress on Visual selective (focused) attention regarding the moderating effect of personality factor of conscientiousness.Method: 60 subjects were chosen by multi-stage random sampling method with respect to personality and neuropsychological criteria of the research and were placed in three equal groups (two experimental groups and one control group, each group consisted of 20 subjects). Cognitive stressor tasks were first administered to the subjects in both experimental groups, and their Visual selective attention was assessed subsequently. The control group’s Visual selective attention was assessed without administrating any cognitive stressor tasks. Two indexes were used to assess the Visual selective attention: counting error and classification error. The research data were analyzed by t-test for two independent samples.Results: The results showed that stress significantly increases the rate of both counting error and classification error (p<0.0001). It was also shown that conscien-tiousness contributes in stress effect and causes additional significant increase in both counting and classification errors (p<0.0001).Conclusion: The research results revealed that stress significantly reduces Visual selective (focused) attention to neutral stimuli and conscien-tiousness accentuates this negative effect.